/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008, Harald Kuhr
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *       documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *     * Neither the name "TwelveMonkeys" nor the
 *       names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products
 *       derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

package com.twelvemonkeys.util;

import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Map implementation with size limit, that keeps its entries in LRU
 * (least recently used) order, also known as <em>access-order</em>.
 * When the size limit is reached, the least recently accessed mappings are
 * removed. The number of mappings to be removed from the map, is
 * controlled by the trim factor.
 * <p>
 * <ul>
 *  <li>Default size limit is 1000 elements.
 *      See {@link #setMaxSize(int)}/{@link #getMaxSize()}.</li>
 *  <li>Default trim factor is 1% ({@code 0.01f}).
 *      See {@link #setTrimFactor(float)}/{@link #getTrimFactor()}.</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * @author <a href="mailto:harald.kuhr@gmail.com">Harald Kuhr</a>
 * @version $Id: com/twelvemonkeys/util/LRUMap.java#1 $
 */
public class LRUMap<K, V> extends LinkedMap<K, V> implements ExpiringMap<K, V> {

    private int maxSize = 1000;
    private float trimFactor = 0.01f;

    /**
     * Creates an LRUMap with default max size (1000 entries).
     *
     * <small>This is constructor is here to comply with the reccomendations for
     * "standard" constructors in the {@code Map} interface.</small>
     *
     * @see #LRUMap(int)
     */
    public LRUMap() {
        super(null, true);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an LRUMap with the given max size.
     *
     * @param pMaxSize size limit
     */
    public LRUMap(int pMaxSize) {
        super(null, true);
        setMaxSize(pMaxSize);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an LRUMap with initial mappings from the given map,
     * and default max size (1000 entries).
     *
     * <small>This is constructor is here to comply with the reccomendations for
     * "standard" constructors in the {@code Map} interface.</small>
     *
     * @param pContents the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map.
     * May be {@code null}.
     *
     * @see #LRUMap(Map, int)
     */
    public LRUMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> pContents) {
        super(pContents, true);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an LRUMap with initial mappings from the given map,
     * and the given max size.
     *
     * @param pContents the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map.
     * May be {@code null}.
     * @param pMaxSize size limit
     */
    public LRUMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> pContents, int pMaxSize) {
        super(pContents, true);
        setMaxSize(pMaxSize);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an LRUMap with initial mappings from the given map,
     * and the given max size.
     *
     * @param pBacking the backing map of this map. Must be either empty, or
     * the same map as {@code pContents}.
     * @param pContents the map whose mappings are to be placed in this map.
     * May be {@code null}.
     * @param pMaxSize max size
     */
    public LRUMap(Map<K, Entry<K, V>> pBacking, Map<? extends K, ? extends V> pContents, int pMaxSize) {
        super(pBacking, pContents, true);
        setMaxSize(pMaxSize);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the maximum number of mappings in this map.
     *
     * @return the size limit
     */
    public int getMaxSize() {
        return maxSize;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the maximum number of elements in this map.
     *
     * If the current size is greater than the new max size, the map will be
     * trimmed to fit the new max size constraint.
     *
     * @see #removeLRU()
     *
     * @param pMaxSize new size limit
     */
    public void setMaxSize(int pMaxSize) {
        if (pMaxSize < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("max size must be positive");
        }

        maxSize = pMaxSize;

        while(size() > maxSize) {
            removeLRU();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns the current trim factor.
     * <p>
     * The trim factor controls how many percent of the maps current size is
     * reclaimed, when performing an {@code removeLRU} operation.
     * Defaults to 1% ({@code 0.01f}).
     *
     * @return the current trim factor
     */
    public float getTrimFactor() {
        return trimFactor;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the trim factor.
     * <p>
     * The trim factor controls how many percent of the maps current size is
     * reclaimed, when performing an {@code removeLRU} operation.
     * Defaults to 1% ({@code 0.01f}).
     *
     * @param pTrimFactor the new trim factor. Acceptable values are between
     * 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
     *
     * @see #removeLRU()
     */
    public void setTrimFactor(float pTrimFactor) {
        if (pTrimFactor < 0f || pTrimFactor >= 1f) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("trim factor must be between 0 and 1");
        }

        trimFactor = pTrimFactor;
    }

    /**
     * always returns {@code false}, and instead invokes {@code removeLRU()}
     * if {@code size >= maxSize}.
     */
    protected boolean removeEldestEntry(Entry pEldest) {
        // NOTE: As removeLRU() may remove more than one entry, this is better
        // than simply removing the eldest entry.
        if (size() >= maxSize) {
            removeLRU();
        }
        return false;
    }

    protected Entry<K, V> removeEntry(Entry<K, V> pEntry) {
        Entry<K, V> entry = super.removeEntry(pEntry);
        processRemoved(pEntry);
        return entry;
    }

    /**
     * Default implementation does nothing.
     * May be used by clients as a call-back to notify when mappings expire from
     * the map.
     *
     * @param pRemoved the removed mapping
     */
    public void processRemoved(Entry<K, V> pRemoved) {
    }

    /**
     * Removes the least recently used mapping(s) from this map.
     * <p>
     * How many mappings are removed from the map, is controlled by the
     * trim factor.
     * In any case, at least one mapping will be removed.
     *
     * @see #getTrimFactor()
     */
    public void removeLRU() {
        int removeCount = (int) Math.max((size() * trimFactor), 1);

        while ((removeCount--) > 0) {
            removeEntry(head.next);
        }
    }
}
